The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. This avoids thrashing caches too much for B and evens out the pressure on the L3 caches of the machine.

Cache 251

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 251

High Scalability

JANUARY 11, 2022

The streaming data store makes the system extensible to support other use-cases (e.g. System Components. The system will comprise of several micro-services each performing a separate task. When a user requests for feed then there will be two parallel threads involved in fetching the user feeds to optimize for latency.

Design 334

Design Media Storage Logistics 334

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

This is a set of best practices and guidelines that help you design and operate reliable, secure, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems in the cloud. For example, optimizing resource utilization for greater scale and lower cost and driving insights to increase adoption of cloud-native serverless services.

AWS 243

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 243

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 8, 2020

This allows the app to query a list of “paths” in each HTTP request, and get specially formatted JSON (jsonGraph) that we use to cache the data and hydrate the UI. For example, the artwork service is separate from the video metadata service, but we need the data from both in the detail key.

Latency 233

Latency Cache Java Traffic 233

Speed Curve

FEBRUARY 5, 2024

Caching the base page/HTML is common, and it should have a positive impact on backend times. Key things to understand from your CDN Cache Hit/Cache Miss – Was the resource served from the edge, or did the request have to go to origin? Latency – How much time does it take to deliver a packet from A to B.

Servers 57

Servers Cache Retail Benchmarking 57

IO River

NOVEMBER 2, 2023

They cache static content and enable lightning-fast delivery around the globe.This symbiosis reduces server load, boosts loading times, and ensures efficient content distribution. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), web browsers, and proxy servers can store static files in their caches. For example, consider tools like ChatGPT.

Cache 52

Cache Social Media Website Performance Website 52

Adrian Cockcroft

JANUARY 29, 2023

The common way to deal with this is to measure percentiles, and track the 90%, 99% response times for example. For example lets say you have a 99% within 2 seconds SLA, and your current 99%ile measured over one minute is 1 second. There is no way to model how much more traffic you can send to that system before it exceeds it’s SLA.

Lambda 98

Lambda Latency Cache C++ 98

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 18, 2019

Computer systems, from the Internet-of-Things devices to datacenters, are complex and optimizing them can enhance capability and save money. Developing simulators, however, is time-consuming and requires a great deal of infrastructure development regarding a prospective system. Consider an example and literature pointers.

Systems 60

Systems Latency Performance Analytics 60

Percona

JUNE 22, 2023

Let’s dive in and learn how (and what) to effectively monitor MySQL performance, along with examples from PMM, by understanding the critical KPIs to watch for. This includes metrics such as query execution time, the number of queries executed per second, and the utilization of query cache and adaptive hash index.

Performance 106

Performance Monitoring Traffic Database 106

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 25, 2019

How many buffers are needed to track pending requests as a function of needed bandwidth and expected latency? Can one both minimize latency and maximize throughput for unscheduled work? The M/M/1 queue will show us a required trade-off among (a) allowing unscheduled task arrivals, (b) minimizing latency, and (c) maximizing throughput.

Systems 53

Systems Latency Performance C++ 53

IO River

NOVEMBER 2, 2023

They cache static content and enable lightning-fast delivery around the globe.This symbiosis reduces server load, boosts loading times, and ensures efficient content distribution. Content Delivery Networks (CDNs), web browsers, and proxy servers can store static files in their caches. For example, consider tools like ChatGPT.

Cache 52

Cache Social Media Website Performance Website 52

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 3, 2022

As the number of Titus users increased over the years, the load and pressure on the system increased substantially. We introduce a caching mechanism in the API gateway layer, allowing us to offload processing from singleton leader elected controllers without giving up strict data consistency and guarantees clients observe.

Cache 224

Cache Latency Traffic Systems 224

Smashing Magazine

SEPTEMBER 28, 2022

On design systems, UX, web performance and CSS/JS. Jamstack files usually use Markdown before being compiled to HTML, for example: author: Agustinus Theodorus title: ‘Title’ description: Description. Active Memory Caching. Caching partially stores your data and is not used as permanent storage. Caching Schemes.

Cache 125

Cache Performance Servers Social Media 125

Brendan Gregg

JULY 2, 2021

This is also applicable for people adding it to their own in-house monitoring systems. You likely already have agents running on all your customer systems. There are so many options it's really your own preference based on your existing system and customer environments. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map.

Latency 145

Latency Cache Energy Systems 145

The Morning Paper

NOVEMBER 5, 2019

File systems unfit as distributed storage backends: lessons from 10 years of Ceph evolution Aghayev et al., It’s also a fabulous example of recognising and challenging implicit assumptions. It’s also a fabulous example of recognising and challenging implicit assumptions. ” Ten years of building on local file systems. .

Storage 64

Storage Systems Hardware Efficiency 64

Brendan Gregg

AUGUST 18, 2019

For example, iostat(1), or a monitoring agent, may tell you your average disk latency, but not the distribution of this latency. This example instrumented one of many thousands of available events. For smaller environments, it can be of more use helping eliminate latency outliers. system(".") pid process ID.

Latency 68

Latency C++ Cache Programming 68

Percona

SEPTEMBER 1, 2023

This reduction in latency ensures that applications and websites provide a more rapid and responsive user experience. Enhanced User Experience Whether you operate an e-commerce platform, a content management system, or any other application reliant on MySQL, users will notice and appreciate the improved speed and responsiveness.

Tuning 52

Tuning Database Performance Hardware 52

Scalegrid

FEBRUARY 8, 2024

A distributed storage system is foundational in today’s data-driven landscape, ensuring data spread over multiple servers is reliable, accessible, and manageable. This guide delves into how these systems work, the challenges they solve, and their essential role in businesses and technology.

Storage 130

Storage Systems Big Data Azure 130

CSS Wizardry

MAY 19, 2020

It’s widely accepted that self-hosted fonts are the fastest option: same origin means reduced network negotiation, predictable URLs mean we can preload , self-hosted means we can set our own cache-control. On a high-latency connection, this spells bad news. Put another-other way, this file is latency-bound, not bandwidth-bound.

Google 364

Google Media Latency Metrics 364

Scalegrid

APRIL 16, 2020

Let’s walk through an example: Database: MySQL. Deploying your application and database on the same VPC also provides the lowest possible latency path. This becomes really important for cache solutions like Redis™. The availability of a computer system is the percentage of time its services are up during a period of time.

Cloud 242

Cloud Azure AWS Database 242

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 9, 2022

A quick canary test was free of errors and showed lower latency, which is expected given that our standard canary setup routes an equal amount of traffic to both the baseline running on 4xl and the canary on 12xl. What’s worse, average latency degraded by more than 50%, with both CPU and latency patterns becoming more “choppy.”

Hardware 363

Hardware Cache Performance Latency 363

The Morning Paper

MAY 14, 2019

Last time around we looked at the DeathStarBench suite of microservices-based benchmark applications and learned that microservices systems can be especially latency sensitive, and that hotspots can propagate through a microservices architecture in interesting ways. on end-to-end latency) and less than 0.15% on throughput.

Big Data 45

Big Data Cloud Performance Hardware 45

KeyCDN

SEPTEMBER 12, 2019

For example, this would occur if an image being served has an original width of 1460 pixels but is being served at 730 pixels to fit in the container that it has been placed in. KeyCDN’s Cache Enabler plugin is fully compatible the HTML attributes that make images responsive. jpg 480 KB 407 KB 43 KB 89% jpg-to-webp-2.jpg

Social Media 106

Social Media Media Google Website 106

All Things Distributed

DECEMBER 5, 2010

Werner Vogels weblog on building scalable and robust distributed systems. I am very excited that today we have launched Amazon Route 53, a high-performance and highly-available Domain Name System (DNS) service. Naming is one of the fundamental concepts in Distributed Systems. By Werner Vogels on 05 December 2010 02:00 PM.

Cloud 117

Cloud Internet Internet AWS 117

Scalegrid

DECEMBER 21, 2023

Identifying key Redis® metrics such as latency, CPU usage, and memory metrics is crucial for effective Redis monitoring. With these essential support systems in place, you can effectively monitor your databases with up-to-date data about their health and functioning status at all times.

Strategy 130

Strategy Monitoring Latency DevOps 130

CSS - Tricks

JULY 25, 2019

Cache-Headers missing? Estimated Input Latency. Estimated Input Latency. Service workers that will cache the bytecode result of a parsed and compiled script. After that, it’ll be mitigated by cache. What changed in PageSpeed 5.0? PageSpeed ran a series of heuristics against a given page. Speed Index. Speed Index.

Google 71

Google Engineering Speed Mobile 71

All Things Distributed

NOVEMBER 26, 2013

About 5 years ago, I introduced you to AWS Availability Zones, which are distinct locations within a Region that are engineered to be insulated from failures in other Availability Zones and provide inexpensive, low latency network connectivity to other Availability Zones in the same region.

Cloud 145

Cloud AWS Traffic Latency 145

Brendan Gregg

JULY 2, 2021

This is also applicable for people adding it to their own in-house monitoring systems. You likely already have agents running on all your customer systems. There are so many options it's really your own preference based on your existing system and customer environments. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map 5.

Open Source 40

Open Source Latency Cache Energy 40

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 14, 2023

The GraphQL shim enabled client engineers to move quickly onto GraphQL, figure out client-side concerns like cache normalization, experiment with different GraphQL clients, and investigate client performance without being blocked by server-side migrations. For example, is it more correct for an array to be empty or null, or is it just noise?

Traffic 353

Traffic Latency Cache Metrics 353

Speed Curve

JUNE 18, 2019

Here's a short (and definitely not exhaustive) list of things that you may want to consider when running performance tests on an integration environment: Caches may need to be warmed up beforehand. Production environments typically have high cache hit ratios, and this should be replicated during performance testing. I know, I know.

Performance Testing 49

Performance Testing Testing Performance Cache 49

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 24, 2021

As an example, cloud-based post-production editing and collaboration pipelines demand a complex set of functionalities, including the generation and hosting of high quality proxy content. The following table gives us an example of file sizes for 4K ProRes 422 HQ proxies.

Cloud 237

Cloud Media Storage Cache 237

Percona

AUGUST 10, 2018

In fact, you should not set it to OFF in a production system unless you are 100% sure about what you are doing and its implications. sec < 2018-08-06 07:22:35.199 EDT > LOG: automatic analyze of table "vactest.scott.employee" system usage: CPU 0.00s/0.02u sec elapsed 0.15 For example, a value of 0.2 You May Also Like.

Tuning 45

Tuning Cache Database Storage 45

Highly Scalable

AUGUST 20, 2013

In recent years, this idea got a lot of traction and a whole bunch of solutions like Twitter’s Storm, Yahoo’s S4, Cloudera’s Impala, Apache Spark, and Apache Tez appeared and joined the army of Big Data and NoSQL systems. The system should deliver performance of tens of thousands messages per second even on clusters of minimal size.

Big Data 154

Big Data Processing Lambda Database 154

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2023

Goals Annotation Operations Lets pick an example use case of identifying objects (like trees, cars etc.) There are many naive solutions possible for this problem for example: Write different runs in different databases. But we cannot search or present low latency retrievals from files Etc. in a video file.

Media 264

Media Latency Architecture Database 264

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 21, 2022

Some features (as an example) include Device Type ID, SDK Version, Buffer Sizes, Cache Capacities, UI resolution, Chipset Manufacturer and Brand. Example: Missing values or NULL values might mean the absence of a flag or feature in some attribute, while it might require extra tasks in others. Labeling the data?

Big Data 179

Big Data Cache Engineering Data Engineering 179

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 12, 2019

Gatekeeper is the system at Netflix responsible for evaluating the “liveness” of videos and assets on the site. Gatekeeper accomplishes its prescribed task by aggregating data from multiple upstream systems, applying some business logic, then producing an output detailing the status of each video in each country.

Cache 183

Cache Architecture Latency Engineering 183

Dynatrace

NOVEMBER 3, 2021

Logging provides additional data but is typically viewed in isolation of a broader system context. Observability is the ability to understand a system’s internal state by analyzing the data it generates, such as logs, metrics, and traces. Monitoring typically provides a limited view of system data focused on individual metrics.

Monitoring 216

Monitoring Metrics DevOps Scalability 216