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The Performance Inequality Gap, 2023

Alex Russell

TL;DR : To serve users at the 75 th percentile ( P75 ) of devices and networks, we can now afford ~150KiB of HTML/CSS/fonts and ~300-350KiB of JavaScript (gzipped). This is a slight improvement on last year's budgets , thanks to device and network improvements. Networks #. This is an ethical crisis for the frontend.

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The Performance Inequality Gap, 2024

Alex Russell

It's time once again to update our priors regarding the global device and network situation. The usual caveats also apply: Performance is a deep and nuanced domain, and much can go wrong beyond content size and composition. How sites manage resources after-load can have a big impact on perceived performance.

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AWS EC2 Virtualization 2017: Introducing Nitro

Brendan Gregg

Hardware virtualization for cloud computing has come a long way, improving performance using technologies such as VT-x, SR-IOV, VT-d, NVMe, and APICv. The latest AWS hypervisor, Nitro, uses everything to provide a new hardware-assisted hypervisor that is easy to use and has near bare-metal performance.

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USENIX LISA2021 Computing Performance: On the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

It's an exciting time for developments in computer performance, not just for the BPF technology (which I often [write about]) but also for processors with 3D stacking and cloud vendor CPUs (e.g., This was a chance to talk about other things I've been working on, such as the present and future of hardware performance.

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USENIX SREcon APAC 2022: Computing Performance: What's on the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

At USENIX SREcon22 APAC I gave the opening keynote on the future of computer performance, rounding up the latest developments and making predictions of where I see things heading. This talk originated from my updates to [Systems Performance 2nd Edition], and this was the first time I've given this talk in person! Or even on a plane.

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The Performance Inequality Gap, 2021

Alex Russell

TL;DR: A lot has changed since 2017 when we last estimated a global baseline resource per-page resource budget of 130-170KiB. Back in 2016, I gave a talk outlining the causes and effects of the terrible performance of web apps built using popular tools on the fastest-growing device segment: low-end to mid-range Android phones.

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AWS re:Invent 2017: How Netflix Tunes EC2

Brendan Gregg

My last talk for 2017 was at AWS re:Invent, on "How Netflix Tunes EC2 Instances for Performance," an updated version of my [2014] talk. Our team looks after the BaseAMI, kernel tuning, OS performance tools and profilers, and self-service tools like Vector. Networking. We help where we can. We help where we can.

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