The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. This avoids thrashing caches too much for B and evens out the pressure on the L3 caches of the machine.

Cache 251

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 251

Speed Curve

FEBRUARY 5, 2024

Caching the base page/HTML is common, and it should have a positive impact on backend times. The use of server-timing headers by content delivery networks closes a big gap. Key things to understand from your CDN Cache Hit/Cache Miss – Was the resource served from the edge, or did the request have to go to origin?

Servers 57

Servers Cache Retail Benchmarking 57

CSS Wizardry

AUGUST 7, 2019

The first—and often most surprising for people to learn—thing that I want to draw your attention to is that TTFB counts one whole round trip of latency. The reason is because mobile networks are, as a rule, high latency connections. only to find that the resource they’re requesting isn’t in that PoP ’s cache.

Latency 269

Latency Ecommerce Servers Mobile 269

Scalegrid

FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Durability Availability Fault tolerance These combined outcomes help minimize latency experienced by clients spread across different geographical regions. By breaking up large datasets into more manageable pieces, each segment can be assigned to various network nodes for storage and management purposes.

Storage 130

Storage Systems Big Data Azure 130

Sutter's Mill

FEBRUARY 13, 2017

Tue-Thu Apr 25-27: High-Performance and Low-Latency C++ (Stockholm). On April 25-27, I’ll be in Stockholm (Kista) giving a three-day seminar on “High-Performance and Low-Latency C++.” If you’re interested in attending, please check out the links, and I look forward to meeting and re-meeting many of you there.

Latency 51

Latency C++ Hardware Performance 51

Smashing Magazine

AUGUST 3, 2023

You need to beware that slow server response times can significantly increase TTFB, often due to server overload, network issues, or un-optimized logic on the server side. You need to beware of large HTML files or slow network connections because they can lead to longer download times. LCP seconds over time.

Performance 74

Performance Cache Traffic Metrics 74

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 110

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 110

Smashing Magazine

NOVEMBER 8, 2021

As developers, we rightfully obsess about the customer experience, relentlessly working to squeeze every millisecond out of the critical rendering path, optimize input latency, and eliminate jank. On top of this foundation, we add layers of caching, prerendering and edge delivery optimizations — not the other way around.

Cache 135

Cache Best Practices Strategy Servers 135

Adrian Cockcroft

JANUARY 20, 2023

The next day Jack presented his Turing Award Lecture as the keynote for the event ( HPCwire has a good summary of the whole talk), and later in the the week he was on a panel discussion on “Reinventing HPC” where he repeated the point. I presented a keynote for Sun at Supercomputing 2003 in Phoenix Arizona and included the slide shown below.

Architecture 52

Architecture Latency Benchmarking AWS 52

Adrian Cockcroft

JANUARY 29, 2023

The mean and percentile measurements hide this structure, but the rest of this post will show how the structure can be measured and analyzed so that you can figure out a useful model of your system, understand what is driving the long tail of latencies and come up with better SLAs and measures of capacity.

Lambda 98

Lambda Latency Cache C++ 98

Smashing Magazine

MAY 16, 2022

This header can be set on the response of any network resource, such as XHR, fetch, images, HTML, stylesheets, etc. These subtypes are currently the only subtypes related to network requests and thus exposing the Server-Timing information. Setting Server-Timing. For Images, Stylesheets, JS files, the HTML Doc, etc.

Servers 92

Servers Monitoring Cache Network 92

Percona

MAY 2, 2023

ChatGPT: The InnoDB buffer pool is used by MySQL to cache frequently accessed data in memory. If we expand the cache concept more, the buffer pool could be even less if the working set (hot data) is smaller. The answer does not consider the queue or latency of the sample, which could indicate a disk with issues.

Social Media 122

Social Media Database Servers Cache 122

Alex Russell

MARCH 6, 2021

Thanks to progress in networks and browsers (but not devices), a more generous global budget cap has emerged for sites constructed the "modern" way: ~100KiB of HTML/CSS/fonts and ~300-350KiB of JS (compressed) is the new rule-of-thumb limit for at least the next year or two. Modern network performance and availability.

Performance 124

Performance Network Cache Metrics 124

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 52

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 52

Abhishek Tiwari

NOVEMBER 3, 2018

Case-in-point, most enterprise CMS vendors lack robust full-site content delivery network (CDN) integration. A few months back, I was pulled into a scenario where a business has been working with a leading CMS vendor to roll-out a network of multi-regional websites. Eventually, we decided to move them to Jekyll.

Systems 63

Systems Cache Website Network 63

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 18, 2019

This Part 1 discusses Bottleneck Analysis and Little’s Law, while Part 2 presents the M/M/1 Queue. To this end, we present three simple models that we find useful like Amdahl’s Law, split here into two blog posts. How many buffers are needed to track pending requests as a function of needed bandwidth and expected latency?

Systems 60

Systems Latency Performance Analytics 60

The Morning Paper

MAY 12, 2019

Microservices fundamentally change a lot of assumptions current cloud systems are designed with, and present both opportunities and challenges when optimizing for quality of service (QoS) and utilization. Smaller microservices demonstrated much better instruction-cache locality than their monolithic counterparts.

Open Source 61

Open Source Hardware Benchmarking Systems 61

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 25, 2019

Part 1 previously discussed Bottleneck Analysis and Little’s Law, while this post (Part 2) presents the M/M/1 Queue. It also presented Bottleneck Analysis and Little’s Law that can give initial answers to questions like: What is the maximum throughput through several subsystems in series and parallel? and 1/S as ?.

Systems 53

Systems Latency Performance C++ 53

Smashing Magazine

JANUARY 11, 2021

Build Optimizations JavaScript modules, module/nomodule pattern, tree-shaking, code-splitting, scope-hoisting, Webpack, differential serving, web worker, WebAssembly, JavaScript bundles, React, SPA, partial hydration, import on interaction, 3rd-parties, cache. 300ms RTT, 1.6 Mbps down, 0.8 Mbps up) with a throttled CPU (5× slowdown).

Performance 145

Performance Cache Media Metrics 145

Percona

APRIL 17, 2023

The CFQ works well for many general use cases but lacks latency guarantees. The deadline excels at latency-sensitive use cases ( like databases ), and noop is closer to no schedule at all. Make sure the drives are mounted with noatime and also if the drives are behind a RAID controller with appropriate battery-backed cache.

Best Practices 52

Best Practices Design Tuning Database 52

Dotcom-Montior

MARCH 6, 2022

Some of the phases are presented below: Receiving. If the waiting time is too much, it may mean an overloaded network server or there may be an inefficient code, which must be fixed by software developers by finding the bugs and correcting the code. Moreover, caching utility may decrease the waiting time.

Performance 52

Performance Cache Website Speed 52

Smashing Magazine

JANUARY 6, 2020

If you don’t have a device at hand, emulate mobile experience on desktop by testing on a throttled 3G network (e.g. To make the performance impact more visible, you could even introduce 2G Tuesdays or set up a throttled 3G/4G network in your office for faster testing. 300ms RTT, 1.6 Mbps down, 0.8

Performance 145

Performance Cache Network Metrics 145

Smashing Magazine

JANUARY 7, 2019

If you don’t have a device at hand, emulate mobile experience on desktop by testing on a throttled network (e.g. To make the performance impact more visible, you could even introduce 2G Tuesdays or set up a throttled 3G network in your office for faster testing. 150ms RTT, 1.5 Mbps down, 0.7 Mbps up) with a throttled CPU (5× slowdown).

Performance 103

Performance Cache Metrics Network 103

CSS - Tricks

JULY 25, 2019

Cache-Headers missing? Lighthouse records metrics from the browser, applies a scoring model to them, and presents an overall performance score. Estimated Input Latency. Estimated Input Latency. Service workers that will cache the bytecode result of a parsed and compiled script. What changed in PageSpeed 5.0?

Google 71

Google Engineering Speed Mobile 71

Dotcom-Montior

MAY 6, 2020

Some of the phrases are presented below: Receiving. If the waiting time is too much, it may mean an overloaded network server or there may be an inefficient code, which must be fixed by software developers by finding the bugs and correcting the code. Moreover, caching utility may decrease the waiting time.

Performance 53

Performance Cache Website Speed 53

The Morning Paper

DECEMBER 8, 2019

On the last morning of the conference Daniel Bittman presented some of the work being done in the context of the Twizzler OS project to explore new programming models for NVM. Therefore any programming abstraction must be low latency and the kernel needs to be kept off the path of persistent data access as much as possible.

Hardware 56

Hardware Programming Media Storage 56

KeyCDN

SEPTEMBER 12, 2019

An easy way to compress images is with our image processing service that happens to also be fully integrated into our existing network. KeyCDN’s Cache Enabler plugin is fully compatible the HTML attributes that make images responsive. It also allows for additional control over the caching of your images as well as hotlink protection.

Social Media 106

Social Media Media Google Website 106

Alex Russell

APRIL 29, 2021

Real-time network protocols for enabling videoconferencing, desktop sharing, and game streaming applications. Modern, asynchronous network APIs that dramatically improve performance in some situations. For heavily latency-sensitive use-cases like WebXR, this is a critical component in delivering a good experience. Gamepad API.

Media 145

Media Games Education Engineering 145

The Morning Paper

SEPTEMBER 12, 2019

A pipeline breaker occurs when the output of one operator must be materialized to disk or transferred over the network, as opposed to being directly communicated from operator to operator via CPU cache, or, in the worst case, via RAM. The RDBMS was slower than TensorFlow for GPU-based implementations of neural networks, however.

Network 44

Network Database Programming Hardware 44

SQL Server According to Bob

JANUARY 11, 2020

​​ Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This cache is often supported by a battery-powered backup facility.

Servers 40

Servers Cache Media Hardware 40

SQL Server According to Bob

JANUARY 11, 2020

​​ Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication. This White Paper is for informational purposes only.

Servers 40

Servers Cache Database Media 40

Smashing Magazine

AUGUST 22, 2021

As we will see, QUIC and HTTP/3 indeed have great web performance potential, but mainly for users on slow networks. If your average visitor is on a fast cabled or cellular network, they probably won’t benefit from the new protocols all that much. Two-way latency is often called round-trip time (RTT). Congestion Control.

Performance 105

Performance Network Latency Servers 105

All Things Distributed

JUNE 21, 2018

This doesn't mean relational databases do not provide utility in present-day development and are not available, scalable, or provide high performance. Use cases such as gaming, ad tech, and IoT lend themselves particularly well to the key-value data model where the access patterns require low-latency Gets/Puts for known key values.

Database 167

Database AWS Games Latency 167

Smashing Magazine

AUGUST 9, 2021

You’ve probably heard things like: “HTTP/3 is much faster than HTTP/2 when there is packet loss”, or “HTTP/3 connections have less latency and take less time to set up”, and probably “HTTP/3 can send data more quickly and can send more resources in parallel”. and lower), this typically takes two network round trips.

Transportation 145

Transportation Internet Internet Network 145