The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 1, 2021

It supports both high throughput services that consume hundreds of thousands of CPUs at a time, and latency-sensitive workloads where humans are waiting for the results of a computation. The subsystems all communicate with each other asynchronously via Timestone, a high-scale, low-latency priority queuing system.

Serverless 228

Serverless Media Latency Social Media 228

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 13, 2023

Our previous blog post presented replay traffic testing — a crucial instrument in our toolkit that allows us to implement these transformations with precision and reliability. A/B testing is also a key technique in migrations where the updates to the architecture involve changing device contracts as well.

Traffic 279

Traffic Metrics Systems Strategy 279

Dynatrace

DECEMBER 22, 2021

Metrics are measures of critical system values, such as CPU utilization or average write latency to persistent storage. They are particularly important in distributed systems, such as microservices architectures. A platform approach, on the other hand, presents a more effective option for understanding observability as a whole.

Artificial Intelligence 177

Artificial Intelligence Metrics Architecture DevOps 177

ACM Sigarch

MAY 31, 2023

Introduction Memory systems are evolving into heterogeneous and composable architectures. However, building and utilizing HCM presents challenges, including interconnecting various memory technologies (e.g., However, building and utilizing HCM presents challenges, including interconnecting various memory technologies (e.g.,

Latency 52

Latency Hardware Cache Architecture 52

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 9, 2021

Plus, the architecture of the Edge tier was evolving to a PaaS (platform as a service) model, and we had some tough decisions to make about how, and where, to handle identity token handling. The system architecture now takes the form of: Notice that tokens never traverse past the Edge gateway / EAS boundary. We are serving over 2.5

Architecture 221

Architecture Latency Servers Website 221

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 2, 2020

Edgar helps Netflix teams troubleshoot distributed systems efficiently with the help of a summarized presentation of request tracing, logs, analysis, and metadata. While this abundance of dashboards and information is by no means unique to Netflix, it certainly holds true within our microservices architecture. What is Edgar?

Latency 296

Latency Transportation Engineering Traffic 296

Scalegrid

FEBRUARY 8, 2024

Distributed Storage Architecture Distributed storage systems are designed with a core framework that includes the main system controller, a data repository for the system, and a database. Durability Availability Fault tolerance These combined outcomes help minimize latency experienced by clients spread across different geographical regions.

Storage 130

Storage Systems Big Data Azure 130

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 20, 2019

by Jason Koch , with Martin Spier , Brendan Gregg , Ed Hunter Improving the tools available to our engineers to help them diagnose, triage, and work through software performance challenges in the cloud is a key goal for the cloud performance engineering team at Netflix. to the broader community.

Performance 211

Performance Latency Open Source Metrics 211

The Netflix TechBlog

AUGUST 30, 2021

By Benson Ma , Alok Ahuja Introduction At Netflix, hundreds of different device types, from streaming sticks to smart TVs, are tested every day through automation to ensure that new software releases continue to deliver the quality of the Netflix experience that our customers enjoy. In this blog post, we will focus on the latter feature set.

Latency 213

Latency Traffic Transportation Hardware 213

Sutter's Mill

FEBRUARY 13, 2017

Tue-Thu Apr 25-27: High-Performance and Low-Latency C++ (Stockholm). On April 25-27, I’ll be in Stockholm (Kista) giving a three-day seminar on “High-Performance and Low-Latency C++.” If you’re interested in attending, please check out the links, and I look forward to meeting and re-meeting many of you there.

Latency 51

Latency C++ Hardware Performance 51

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 13, 2020

The teams have been working closely on SVT-AV1 development, discussing architectural decisions, implementing new tools, and improving compression efficiency. Architectural features One of Intel’s goals for SVT-AV1 development was to create an AV1 encoder that could offer performance and scalability.

Open Source 154

Open Source Efficiency C++ Speed 154

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 9, 2021

In particular, we’ll define plans and offers, review the legacy architecture and some of its shortcomings, and dig into our new architecture and some of its advantages. When we merge these two concepts together and present them to the customer, we have the plan selection page (shown above).

Engineering 142

Engineering Scalability Architecture Innovation 142

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 3, 2021

Remote calls are never free; they impose extra latency, increase probability of an error, and consume network bandwidth. There are a number of utilities and conventions on how to use this message when it is present in an RPC request. FieldMask is a protobuf message. link] GetProduction returns a Production message by its unique ID.

Design 245

Design Java Efficiency Code 245

The Morning Paper

MAY 12, 2019

An open-source benchmark suite for microservices and their hardware-software implications for cloud & edge systems Gan et al., A typical architecture diagram for one of these services looks like this: Suitably armed with a set of benchmark microservices applications, the investigation can begin! ASPLOS’19.

Open Source 61

Open Source Hardware Benchmarking Systems 61

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 110

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 110

Dotcom-Montior

NOVEMBER 24, 2021

Gone are the days of monolithic architecture. When we think of a system’s architecture, the first thing that may pop into your mind is the traditional client-server system, where a server was the shared resource among many different devices and machines, like printers, computes, clients, etc. Blockchain is a good example of this.

Systems 74

Systems Monitoring Hardware Network 74

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 9, 2021

We need to be able to easily determine what imagery is present for a given platform, region, and language. Server-generated assets, since client-side generation would require the retrieval of many individual images, which would increase latency and time-to-render. Here’s what the final architecture looked like.

Engineering 165

Engineering Storage Latency Entertainment 165

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 18, 2019

This Part 1 discusses Bottleneck Analysis and Little’s Law, while Part 2 presents the M/M/1 Queue. To this end, we present three simple models that we find useful like Amdahl’s Law, split here into two blog posts. How many buffers are needed to track pending requests as a function of needed bandwidth and expected latency?

Systems 60

Systems Latency Performance Analytics 60

Brendan Gregg

JULY 2, 2021

Here are the top ten tools you can run and present as a generic BPF observability dashboard, along with suggested visualizations: Tool Shows Visualization. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map. runqlat CPU scheduler latency heat map. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map. opensnoop Files opened table.

Latency 145

Latency Cache Energy Systems 145

O'Reilly

NOVEMBER 12, 2019

For the inaugural O’Reilly survey on serverless architecture adoption, we were pleasantly surprised at the high level of response: more than 1,500 respondents from a wide range of locations, companies, and industries participated. As noted earlier, the majority of survey respondents are software engineers.

Serverless 88

Serverless Architecture FinTech Infrastructure 88

O'Reilly Software

APRIL 4, 2018

Considerations for setting the architectural foundations for a fast data platform. Google was among the pioneers that created “web scale” architectures to analyze the massive data sets that resulted from “crawling” the web that gave birth to Apache Hadoop, MapReduce, and NoSQL databases. Back in the days of Web 1.0,

Architecture 80

Architecture Scalability Google Operating System 80

All Things Distributed

JANUARY 18, 2012

Amazon DynamoDB offers low, predictable latencies at any scale. Each service encapsulates its own data and presents a hardened API for others to use. While a service-oriented architecture addressed the problems of a centralized database architecture, each service was still using traditional data management systems.

Scalability 167

Scalability Database Ecommerce Latency 167

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 52

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 52

Adrian Cockcroft

APRIL 5, 2023

This proposal seeks to define a standard for real-time carbon and energy data as time-series data that would be accessed alongside and synchronized with the existing throughput, utilization and latency metrics that are provided for the components and applications in computing environments.

Energy 52

Energy Metrics Cloud Operating System 52

Alex Russell

MAY 9, 2022

This is a complex topic, but to borrow from a recent post , web performance expands access to information and services by reducing latency and variance across interactions in a session, with a particular focus on the tail of the distribution (P75+). Consistent performance matters just as much as low average latency.

Performance 86

Performance Latency Metrics Engineering 86

Percona

MAY 15, 2023

In short, any data that is written must be consistent with the data present. Normally this solution requires a full code redesign and could be quite difficult to achieve when it is injected after the initial code architecture definition. In all of them, the sharding key is present, either in the WHERE clause OR as a comment.

Traffic 123

Traffic Scalability Database Servers 123

All Things Distributed

NOVEMBER 29, 2017

As there are few individuals with this expertise, an easier process presents a significant opportunity for companies who want to accelerate their ML usage. Amazon SageMaker then sets up the distributed compute cluster, installs the software, performs the training, and tears down the cluster when complete.

Tuning 94

Tuning AWS Scalability Infrastructure 94

Abhishek Tiwari

NOVEMBER 3, 2018

When it comes to innovation, most of CMS solutions are constrained by their legacy architecture (read strong coupling between content management and content presentation) which makes it difficult to serve content to new types of emerging channels such as apps and devices. At the core, a traditional CMS is a monolith.

Systems 63

Systems Cache Website Network 63

cdemi

JUNE 10, 2017

Simply put, a Byzantine Fault is a fault that presents different symptoms to different observers. Several system architectures were designed that implement Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Because these are real-time systems, their Byzantine fault tolerance solutions must have very low latency. Achieving Byzantine Fault Tolerance.

Blockchain 62

Blockchain Latency Systems C++ 62

Alex Russell

JANUARY 30, 2024

Regardless, I present the thinking behind them because it can provide teams with informed points of departure, and also because clarifying the ritual freakout taking place as INP begins to put a price on JavaScript externalities. That's where the good news ends.

Performance 90

Performance Network Mobile Speed 90

Percona

APRIL 17, 2023

The swap issue is explained in the excellent article by Jeremy Cole at the Swap Insanity and NUMA Architecture. The CFQ works well for many general use cases but lacks latency guarantees. The deadline excels at latency-sensitive use cases ( like databases ), and noop is closer to no schedule at all.

Best Practices 52

Best Practices Design Tuning Database 52

John McCalpin

JANUARY 22, 2018

Dr. Damon McDougall gave a short presentation on this study at the IXPUG 2018 Fall Conference ( pdf ) — I originally wrote these notes to help organize my thoughts as we were preparing the IXPUG presentation, and later decided that the extra details contained here are interesting enough for me to post it. cmpl $1000000000, %eax.

Latency 40

Latency Hardware Code Testing 40

Brendan Gregg

JULY 2, 2021

Here are the top ten tools you can run and present as a generic BPF observability dashboard, along with suggested visualizations: Tool Shows Visualization 1. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map 5. runqlat CPU scheduler latency heat map 10. biolatency Disk I/O latency histogram heat map 5. patch to Linux 5.12.

Open Source 40

Open Source Latency Cache Energy 40

O'Reilly Software

MARCH 7, 2018

Build a more scalable, composable, and functional architecture for interconnecting systems and applications. Software today is not typically a single program—something that is executed by an operator or user, producing a result to that person—but rather a service : something that runs for the benefit of its consumers, a provider of value.

Transportation 72

Transportation Java Programming Architecture 72

O'Reilly Software

APRIL 30, 2018

When designing cloud architecture, it’s critical to consider that your applications could be affected by failures and that you must be prepared to respond to those failures quickly and effectively. Each lookup incurs a small, incremental amount of latency. Harnessing DNS for traffic steering, load balancing, and intelligent response.

Cloud 68

Cloud Traffic Internet Internet 68

Alex Russell

JULY 14, 2021

Furthermore, the content developer is unlikely to find limits presented by the WebView to be unwelcome or unreasonably immutable (via collaboration with the app developer). They are as helpless as users are to understand why an otherwise browser-presenting environment appears subtly, yet profoundly, broken. But third-party developers?

Google 121

Google Mobile Engineering Internet 121

HammerDB

OCTOBER 12, 2018

For this reason sysbench presents a vastly more simplified workload than HammerDB. . Therefore if you are testing MySQL or MariaDB’s ability to support web-based applications that use SQL statements with minimal contention then sysbench is likely to present the best assessment of the system for this type of workload.

Best Practices 40

Best Practices Scalability Performance C++ 40