The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 24, 2021

By Xiaomei Liu , Rosanna Lee , Cyril Concolato Introduction Behind the scenes of the beloved Netflix streaming service and content, there are many technology innovations in media processing. Packaging has always been an important step in media processing. Uploading and downloading data always come with a penalty, namely latency.

Cloud 237

Cloud Media Storage Cache 237

High Scalability

JANUARY 11, 2022

There are two major processes which gets executed when a user posts a photo on Instagram. Firstly, the synchronous process which is responsible for uploading image content on file storage, persisting the media metadata in graph data-storage, returning the confirmation message to the user and triggering the process to update the user activity.

Design 334

Design Media Storage Logistics 334

Scalegrid

DECEMBER 21, 2023

Identifying key Redis® metrics such as latency, CPU usage, and memory metrics is crucial for effective Redis monitoring. To monitor Redis® instances effectively, collect Redis metrics focusing on cache hit ratio, memory allocated, and latency threshold.

Strategy 130

Strategy Monitoring Latency DevOps 130

Dynatrace

OCTOBER 4, 2022

Data warehouses offer a single storage repository for structured data and provide a source of truth for organizations. However, organizations must structure and store data inputs in a specific format to enable extract, transform, and load processes, and efficiently query this data. Massively parallel processing. Query language.

Artificial Intelligence 201

Artificial Intelligence Analytics Storage Government 201

The Netflix TechBlog

MAY 4, 2023

It provides a good read on the availability and latency ranges under different production conditions. The upstream service calls the existing and new replacement services concurrently to minimize any latency increase on the production path. Logging is selective to cases where the old and new responses do not match.

Traffic 339

Traffic Latency Tuning Systems 339

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

This process enables you to continuously evaluate software against predefined quality criteria and service level objectives (SLOs) in pre-production environments. Storing frequently accessed data in faster storage, usually in-memory caching, improves data retrieval speed and overall system performance. Beyond

AWS 240

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 240

Randon ASCII

SEPTEMBER 8, 2019

While CPU Usage (Precise) is great for seeing how much CPU time a process is using, and why it is sitting idle, the CPU Usage (Sampled) table is the right tool for figuring out where CPU time is being spent. Now that we suspect file I/O it’s necessary to go to Graph Explorer-> Storage-> File I/O. Think about that for a moment.

Latency 79

Latency Cache Programming Operating System 79

The Morning Paper

FEBRUARY 6, 2020

Last week we looked at a function shipping solution to the problem; Cloudburst uses the more common data shipping to bring data to caches next to function runtimes (though you could also make a case that the scheduling algorithm placing function execution in locations where the data is cached a flavour of function-shipping too).

Lambda 98

Lambda Serverless Cache Latency 98

Percona

APRIL 7, 2023

Here’s how the same test performed when running Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 on these same servers: Queries: reads Queries: writes Queries: other Queries: total Transactions Latency (95th) MySQL (A) 1584986 1645000 245322 3475308 122277 20137.61 MySQL (B) 2517529 2610323 389048 5516900 194140 11523.48

Tuning 135

Tuning Cache Servers Benchmarking 135

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 110

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 110

The Morning Paper

NOVEMBER 5, 2019

File systems unfit as distributed storage backends: lessons from 10 years of Ceph evolution Aghayev et al., In this case, the assumption that a distributed storage backend should clearly be layered on top of a local file system. What is a distributed storage backend? SOSP’19. This is not surprising in hindsight.

Storage 64

Storage Systems Hardware Efficiency 64

Percona

MARCH 23, 2023

As datasets continue to grow in size, the amount of RAM required to store and process these datasets also increases. By caching hot datasets, indexes, and ongoing changes, InnoDB can provide faster response times and utilize disk IO in a much more optimal way. Setting oom_score_adj to -800. Refer to innodb_redo_log_capacity below.

Performance 125

Performance Hardware Tuning Storage 125

Smashing Magazine

SEPTEMBER 28, 2022

Every unnecessary bit of JavaScript code you bundle and serve will be more code the client has to load and process. Active Memory Caching. When you want to get data that you already had quickly, you need to do caching — caching stores data that a user recently retrieved. Caching Schemes. Large preview ).

Cache 125

Cache Performance Servers Social Media 125

Percona

JUNE 22, 2023

This includes metrics such as query execution time, the number of queries executed per second, and the utilization of query cache and adaptive hash index. query cache: Disable (query_cache_size: 0, query_cache_type:OFF) innodb_adaptive_hash_index: Check adaptive hash index usage to determine its efficiency.

Performance 104

Performance Monitoring Traffic Database 104

The Morning Paper

SEPTEMBER 10, 2019

Anchored in the primary use case of supporting Google’s YouTube business, what we’re looking at here could well be the future of data processing at Google. Google already has Dremel , Mesa , Photon , F1 , PowerDrill , and Spanner , so why did they need yet another data processing system? are divided.

Analytics 75

Analytics Latency Cache Google 75

Highly Scalable

AUGUST 20, 2013

The shortcomings and drawbacks of batch-oriented data processing were widely recognized by the Big Data community quite a long time ago. It became clear that real-time query processing and in-stream processing is the immediate need in many practical applications. Fault-tolerance. Interoperability with Hadoop.

Big Data 154

Big Data Processing Lambda Database 154

The Morning Paper

OCTOBER 26, 2020

Helios also serves as a reference architecture for how Microsoft envisions its next generation of distributed big-data processing systems being built. We push as much data processing as possible onto warehouse-scale computers and systems software. It’s limited by the laws of physics in terms of end-to-end latency.

Cloud 104

Cloud Big Data Latency Architecture 104

The Morning Paper

OCTOBER 4, 2020

We are standing on the eve of the 5G era… 5G, as a monumental shift in cellular communication technology, holds tremendous potential for spurring innovations across many vertical industries, with its promised multi-Gbps speed, sub-10 ms low latency, and massive connectivity. Throughput and latency. Application performance.

Energy 130

Energy Latency Performance Network 130

Percona

SEPTEMBER 1, 2023

A finely tuned database processes queries more efficiently, leading to swifter results. This reduction in latency ensures that applications and websites provide a more rapid and responsive user experience. By analyzing disk I/O metrics, you can optimize queries to reduce disk reads or upgrade to faster storage solutions.

Tuning 52

Tuning Database Performance Hardware 52

IO River

NOVEMBER 2, 2023

Given its unchanging nature, static content is ideal for caching. Yes, these might change based on localization settings, but in terms of storage, it’s still a completely baked cookie that the server can choose to serve or not serve.Whenever a user clicks on an episode, these bits remain unchanged.

Architecture 52

Architecture Performance Internet Internet 52

The Morning Paper

JUNE 23, 2019

Factor VI in the 12-factor app manifesto , “Execute the app as one or more stateless processes,” to be dropped and replaced with “Execute the app as one or more stateful processes.” session state that you want to survive an application process crash), and to keep the application server/services layer stateless.

Cache 79

Cache Latency Google Lambda 79

High Scalability

JULY 20, 2018

That means multiple data indirections mean multiple cache misses. jaybo_nomad : The Allen Institute for Brain Science is in the process of imaging 1 cubic mm of mouse visual cortex using TEM at a resolution of 4nm per pixel. They are very expensive. This is where your performance goes. Some say MRAM will never work in automotive.

Internet 121

Internet Internet Scalability Automotive 121

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

My personal opinion is that I don't see a widespread need for more capacity given horizontal scaling and servers that can already exceed 1 Tbyte of DRAM; bandwidth is also helpful, but I'd be concerned about the increased latency for adding a hop to more memory. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 52

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 52

The Morning Paper

AUGUST 29, 2019

My key takeaways as a TL;DR: Store your data in S3 Use portable data format that gives you future flexibility to process it with multiple different systems (e.g. For cost calculations, the costs are a combination of compute costs, storage costs, data scan costs, and software license costs. Key findings. Serverless o?erings

Architecture 76

Architecture Cloud Storage Serverless 76

IO River

NOVEMBER 2, 2023

Yes, these might change based on localization settings, but in terms of storage, it’s still a completely baked cookie that the server can choose to serve or not serve.Whenever a user clicks on an episode, these bits remain unchanged. Developed by none other than Apple, HLS is vital in minimizing delays, known in the tech world as latency!When

Architecture 52

Architecture Performance Internet Internet 52

The Morning Paper

FEBRUARY 23, 2020

Our approach differs substantially by (1) providing economic incentives for data to be contributed and integrated into existing schemas, (2) offering a SQL interface instead of graph based approaches, (3) including the computational and storage infrastructure in the architectural vision. Contractors that don’t want to pay publishers?

Blockchain 94

Blockchain Internet Internet IoT 94

Percona

APRIL 17, 2023

The CFQ works well for many general use cases but lacks latency guarantees. The deadline excels at latency-sensitive use cases ( like databases ), and noop is closer to no schedule at all. Make sure the drives are mounted with noatime and also if the drives are behind a RAID controller with appropriate battery-backed cache.

Best Practices 52

Best Practices Design Tuning Database 52

Dotcom-Montior

MARCH 6, 2022

It assists in identifying where important events happened during the loading process. Waterfall charts within the Dotcom-Monitor platform can help users identify where important events happened during the page load process. Moreover, caching utility may decrease the waiting time. Queued request. What’s the Difference?

Performance 52

Performance Cache Website Speed 52

Abhishek Tiwari

NOVEMBER 3, 2018

Using CDN for the whole website, you can offload most of the website traffic to your CDN which will handle not only large traffic spikes but also reduce the latency of content delivery. Alternatively, you can upload output directory to cloud object/blob storage such as Amazon S3 or Azure Blob Storage and serve your site from there.

Systems 63

Systems Cache Website Network 63

Dotcom-Montior

MAY 6, 2020

It assists in identifying where important events happened during the loading process. Waterfall charts within the Dotcom-Monitor platform can help users identify where important events happened during the page load process. Moreover, caching utility may decrease the waiting time. Queued request. What’s the Difference?

Performance 53

Performance Cache Website Speed 53

Abhishek Tiwari

DECEMBER 27, 2017

In 2018, we anticipate that ETL will either lose relevance or the ETL process will disintegrate and be consumed by new data architectures. It offers reliability and performance of a data warehouse, real-time and low-latency characteristics of a streaming system, and scale and cost-efficiency of a data lake.

Big Data 49

Big Data Artificial Intelligence Storage Hardware 49

Smashing Magazine

JANUARY 11, 2021

Build Optimizations JavaScript modules, module/nomodule pattern, tree-shaking, code-splitting, scope-hoisting, Webpack, differential serving, web worker, WebAssembly, JavaScript bundles, React, SPA, partial hydration, import on interaction, 3rd-parties, cache. In fact, choosing the right metric is a process without obvious winners.

Performance 145

Performance Cache Media Metrics 145

Alex Russell

MARCH 6, 2021

A then-representative $200USD device had 4-8 slow (in-order, low-cache) cores, ~2GiB of RAM, and relatively slow MLC NAND flash storage. Advances in browser content processing. The fastest Androids predictably remain 18-24 months behind, owing to cheapskate choices about cache sizing by Qualcomm, Samsung Semi, and all the rest.

Performance 124

Performance Network Cache Metrics 124

Percona

MAY 2, 2023

Cons of logical backups As it reads all data, it can be slow and will require disk reads too for databases that are larger than the RAM available for the WT cache—the WT cache pressure increases, which slows down the performance. Especially if going into or out of storage types that may throttle bandwidth/network traffic.

Best Practices 52

Best Practices Database Storage Servers 52

The Morning Paper

DECEMBER 8, 2019

Therefore any programming abstraction must be low latency and the kernel needs to be kept off the path of persistent data access as much as possible. The beauty of persistent memory is that we can use memory layouts for persistent data (with some considerations for volatile caches etc. in front of that memory , as we saw last week).

Hardware 56

Hardware Programming Media Storage 56

Percona

MAY 15, 2023

In both cases, when using virtually-synchronous replication, the process will require certification from each node and local (by node) write; as such, the number of writes is NOT distributed across multiple nodes but duplicated. Because the solutions still rely on writing in one single node that works as Primary.

Traffic 123

Traffic Scalability Database Servers 123

O'Reilly Software

JUNE 12, 2018

How do you ensure this is done in a way that is sympathetic to your application’s latency and load conditions? One of the most intriguing is the idea of “turning the database inside out” where the internal sub-components of a database—storage, log, cache and view—are broken into parts and deployed separately.

Database 72

Database Cache Architecture Latency 72