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AWS EC2 Virtualization 2017: Introducing Nitro

Brendan Gregg

Virtualized in Hardware**: Hardware support for virtualization, and near bare-metal speeds. In this configuration, the AMI and boot is paravirt (PV), the kernel is making hypercalls instead of privileged instructions, and the system is using paravirt network and storage drivers. I'd expect between 0.1% The AMI and boot are now HVM.

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USENIX LISA2021 Computing Performance: On the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

AWS Graviton2); for memory with the arrival of DDR5 and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) on-processor; for storage including new uses for 3D Xpoint as a 3D NAND accelerator; for networking with the rise of QUIC and eXpress Data Path (XDP); and so on. Ford, et al., “TCP

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USENIX SREcon APAC 2022: Computing Performance: What's on the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

## References I've reproduced the references from my SREcon22 keynote below, so you can click on links: - [Gregg 08] Brendan Gregg, “ZFS L2ARC,” [link] Jul 2008 - [Gregg 10] Brendan Gregg, “Visualizations for Performance Analysis (and More),” [link] 2010 - [Greenberg 11] Marc Greenberg, “DDR4: Double the speed, double the latency?

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AWS EC2 Virtualization 2017: Introducing Nitro

Brendan Gregg

Virtualized in Hardware**: Hardware support for virtualization, and near bare-metal speeds. In this configuration, the AMI and boot is paravirt (PV), the kernel is making hypercalls instead of privileged instructions, and the system is using paravirt network and storage drivers. I'd expect between 0.1% The AMI and boot are now HVM.

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USENIX LISA2021 Computing Performance: On the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

AWS Graviton2); for memory with the arrival of DDR5 and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) on-processor; for storage including new uses for 3D Xpoint as a 3D NAND accelerator; for networking with the rise of QUIC and eXpress Data Path (XDP); and so on. Ford, et al., “TCP

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USENIX SREcon APAC 2022: Computing Performance: What's on the Horizon

Brendan Gregg

References I've reproduced the references from my SREcon22 keynote below, so you can click on links: [Gregg 08] Brendan Gregg, “ZFS L2ARC,” [link] , Jul 2008 [Gregg 10] Brendan Gregg, “Visualizations for Performance Analysis (and More),” [link] , 2010 [Greenberg 11] Marc Greenberg, “DDR4: Double the speed, double the latency?

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Solaris to Linux Migration 2017

Brendan Gregg

Both Xen and KVM have had many performance and security improvements, and workloads can now be tuned to run at almost bare metal speeds (say, a 3% loss or less). Appliance manufacturers hire kernel engineers to develop custom features, including storage appliances. Outside of EC2, many other providers are deploying on KVM.