Brendan Gregg

JULY 4, 2021

It's an exciting time for developments in computer performance, not just for the BPF technology (which I often [write about]) but also for processors with 3D stacking and cloud vendor CPUs (e.g., This was a chance to talk about other things I've been working on, such as the present and future of hardware performance. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 140

Performance Latency Hardware Storage 140

All Things Distributed

JANUARY 23, 2012

Expanding the Cloud - The AWS Storage Gateway. Today Amazon Web Services has launched the AWS Storage Gateway, making the power of secure and reliable cloud storage accessible from customersâ?? AWS Identity and Access Management brings together on-premises and cloud identity management. Comments ().

Storage 115

Storage AWS Virtualization Cloud 115

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses,” [link] Mar 2020 - [Gregg 20] Brendan Gregg, “Systems Performance: Enterprise and the Cloud, Second Edition,” Addison-Wesley, 2020 - [Hruska 20] Joel Hruska, “Intel Demos PCIe 5.0 Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 110

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 110

O'Reilly

SEPTEMBER 15, 2021

Cloud certifications, specifically in AWS and Microsoft Azure, were most strongly associated with salary increases. Our audience is particularly strong in the software (20% of respondents), computer hardware (4%), and computer security (2%) industries—over 25% of the total. Many respondents acquired certifications.

Azure 145

Azure Social Media Programming AWS 145

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 9, 2022

to a larger AWS instance size, from m5.4xl (16 vCPUs) to m5.12xl (48 vCPUs). While we understand it’s virtually impossible to achieve a linear increase in throughput as the number of vCPUs grow, a near-linear increase is attainable. At Netflix, we periodically reevaluate our workloads to optimize utilization of available capacity.

Hardware 363

Hardware Cache Performance Latency 363

Brendan Gregg

JULY 4, 2021

It's an exciting time for developments in computer performance, not just for the BPF technology (which I often [write about]) but also for processors with 3D stacking and cloud vendor CPUs (e.g., This was a chance to talk about other things I've been working on, such as the present and future of hardware performance. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 52

Performance Latency Hardware Storage 52

The Morning Paper

MARCH 8, 2020

This paper describes the design decisions behind the Snowflake cloud-based data warehouse. This paper presents Snowflake design and implementation along with a discussion on how recent changes in cloud infrastructure (emerging hardware, fine-grained billing, etc.) S3 on AWS). From shared-nothing to disaggregation.

Storage 112

Storage Engineering Cache Serverless 112

Brendan Gregg

NOVEMBER 29, 2017

Hardware virtualization for cloud computing has come a long way, improving performance using technologies such as VT-x, SR-IOV, VT-d, NVMe, and APICv. At Netflix, we've been using these technologies as they've been made available for instance types in the AWS EC2 cloud. I'd expect between 0.1%

Virtualization 111

Virtualization AWS Hardware Storage 111

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

TCP Extensions for Multipath Operation with Multiple Addresses,” [link] , Mar 2020 [Gregg 20] Brendan Gregg, “Systems Performance: Enterprise and the Cloud, Second Edition,” Addison-Wesley, 2020 [Hruska 20] Joel Hruska, “Intel Demos PCIe 5.0 Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 52

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 52

HammerDB

APRIL 19, 2023

Regardless of whether the computing platform to be evaluated is on-prem, containerized, virtualized, or in the cloud, it is crucial to consider several essential factors. There are many times we get asked why some cloud instance performed poorly for their database application and almost always turned out to be some configuration error.

Performance 54

Performance Benchmarking Cache Storage 54

VoltDB

JUNE 1, 2017

It was – like the hypothetical movie I describe above – more than a little bit odd, as you could leave a session discussing ever more abstract layers of virtualization and walk into one where they emphasized the critical importance of pinning a network interface to a specific VM for optimal performance.

Hardware 56

Hardware Latency Virtualization Cloud 56

Dotcom-Montior

NOVEMBER 11, 2020

those resources now belong to cloud providers, such as AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, and others. Again, the benefit being that the code within your containers or virtual machines is managed by the cloud provider. No more having to worry about maintenance, patching, or scaling. Response Times.

Serverless 57

Serverless Monitoring Lambda Latency 57

Dynatrace

JUNE 29, 2022

More than 90% of enterprises now rely on a hybrid cloud infrastructure to deliver innovative digital services and capture new markets. That’s because cloud platforms offer flexibility and extensibility for an organization’s existing infrastructure. What is hybrid cloud architecture?

Infrastructure 176

Infrastructure Cloud Azure AWS 176

VoltDB

JUNE 1, 2017

It was – like the hypothetical movie I describe above – more than a little bit odd, as you could leave a session discussing ever more abstract layers of virtualization and walk into one where they emphasized the critical importance of pinning a network interface to a specific VM for optimal performance.

Hardware 40

Hardware Latency Virtualization Cloud 40

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 15, 2020

As an Amazon Web Services (AWS) Advanced Technology Partner, Dynatrace easily integrates with AWS to help you stay on top of the dynamics of your enterprise cloud environment?. We’re therefore excited to announce that Dynatrace has received the AWS Outposts Service Ready designation. What is AWS Outposts?

AWS 195

AWS Design Cloud Storage 195

Dynatrace

JANUARY 26, 2021

Traditional computing models rely on virtual or physical machines, where each instance includes a complete operating system, CPU cycles, and memory. VMware commercialized the idea of virtual machines, and cloud providers embraced the same concept with services like Amazon EC2, Google Compute, and Azure virtual machines.

Serverless 241

Serverless Efficiency Lambda Azure 241

Adrian Cockcroft

JUNE 21, 2022

I became the Sun UK local specialist in performance and hardware, and as Sun transitioned from a desktop workstation company to sell high end multiprocessor servers I was helping customers find and fix scalability problems. We had specializations in hardware, operating systems, databases, graphics, etc. He hasn’t changed.

Tuning 52

Tuning Benchmarking Engineering C++ 52

All Things Distributed

DECEMBER 20, 2017

Developments like cloud computing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are proving that IT has (again) become a strategic business driver. Breuninger, a fashion department store chain steeped in tradition, has recognized this and relies on a self-developed e-commerce platform in the AWS Cloud.

Artificial Intelligence 79

Artificial Intelligence Social Media Logistics AWS 79

Brendan Gregg

NOVEMBER 28, 2017

Hardware virtualization for cloud computing has come a long way, improving performance using technologies such as VT-x, SR-IOV, VT-d, NVMe, and APICv. At Netflix, we've been using these technologies as they've been made available for instance types in the AWS EC2 cloud. I'd expect between 0.1%

Virtualization 40

Virtualization AWS Hardware Storage 40

The Morning Paper

MARCH 1, 2020

Firecracker is the virtual machine monitor (VMM) that powers AWS Lambda and AWS Fargate, and has been used in production at AWS since 2018. The traditional view is that there is a choice between virtualization with strong security and high overhead, and container technologies with weaker security and minimal overhead.

Serverless 101

Serverless Virtualization Lambda AWS 101

Dynatrace

NOVEMBER 3, 2022

Container as a service is a cloud-based service that allows companies to manage and deploy containers at scale. Container environments enable enterprises to quickly deploy and develop cloud-native applications that can run anywhere. This, in turn, drove the creation of cloud-based services that further automated this function.

Serverless 214

Serverless Azure Hardware Transportation 214

Dynatrace

AUGUST 11, 2022

Before an organization moves to function as a service, it’s important to understand how it works, its benefits and challenges, its effect on scalability, and why cloud-native observability is essential for attaining peak performance. Cloud providers then manage physical hardware, virtual machines, and web server software management.

Development 244

Development Serverless Best Practices Lambda 244

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

CLI tools The Cassandra systems were EC2 virtual machine (Xen) instances. As a Xen guest, this profile was gathered using perf(1) and the kernel's software cpu-clock soft interrupts, not the hardware NMI. Note that Ubuntu also has a frame to show entry into vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object). But I'm not completely sure.

Speed 126

Speed Java AWS Virtualization 126

KeyCDN

FEBRUARY 22, 2023

Chatbots and virtual assistants Chatbots and virtual assistants are becoming more common on websites and web applications as they provide an efficient and convenient way for users to interact with a business. Cloud-based development and deployment One of the main advantages of cloud-based development and deployment is scalability.

Artificial Intelligence 111

Artificial Intelligence Development Serverless Website 111

All Things Distributed

MARCH 11, 2016

The epoch of AWS is the launch of Amazon S3 on March 14, 2006, now almost 10 years ago. Given that AWS is a pioneer in building and operating these services world-wide, these lessons have been of crucial importance to our business. This is a given, whether you are using the highest quality hardware or lowest cost components.

AWS 144

AWS Hardware Retail Virtualization 144

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

CLI tools The Cassandra systems were EC2 virtual machine (Xen) instances. As a Xen guest, this profile was gathered using perf(1) and the kernel's software cpu-clock soft interrupts, not the hardware NMI. Note that Ubuntu also has a frame to show entry into vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object).

Speed 52

Speed Java AWS Virtualization 52

O'Reilly

NOVEMBER 28, 2023

Even with cloud-based foundation models like GPT-4, which eliminate the need to develop your own model or provide your own infrastructure, fine-tuning a model for any particular use case is still a major undertaking. This is an area where cloud providers already bear much of the burden, and will continue to bear it in the future.

Open Source 111

Open Source Artificial Intelligence Google Infrastructure 111

Adrian Cockcroft

NOVEMBER 13, 2023

This is basically the position of the major cloud providers, they will all take care of it for you by 2030 or so. For an example of an unintended consequence, let’s say the result of your optimization project is spare capacity at a cloud provider. You trust your suppliers to solve the problem for you, but that could take a long time.

Energy 52

Energy Cloud Traffic Transportation 52

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

CLI tools The Cassandra systems were EC2 virtual machine (Xen) instances. As a Xen guest, this profile was gathered using perf(1) and the kernel's software cpu-clock soft interrupts, not the hardware NMI. Note that Ubuntu also has a frame to show entry into vDSO (virtual dynamic shared object). But I'm not completely sure.

Speed 40

Speed Java AWS Virtualization 40

Dynatrace

AUGUST 5, 2019

In this role, I am leading a global team that works closely with our strategic partners such as AWS, Microsoft, Google, Pivotal, Red Hat and others. The key question we keep getting from our customers is: How can Dynatrace help me reduce risk, move faster and achieve a better business outcome for my cloud migration project?

Cloud 31

Cloud Traffic Database Network 31

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 5, 2017

Linux has been adding tracing technologies over the years: kprobes (kernel dynamic tracing), uprobes (user-level dynamic tracing), tracepoints (static tracing), and perf_events (profiling and hardware counters). The way the cloud is used helps with security: most instances at my employer have only been up for one or two days.

Virtualization 76

Virtualization AWS Engineering Hardware 76

HammerDB

JANUARY 5, 2019

As the chart shows because we know that both HammerDB and the implementation of the TPC-C workload scales then we can determine that with this particular database engine both the software and hardware scales as well. If you only test your own application (and if you have more than one application which one will you use for benchmarking?)

Benchmarking 40

Benchmarking Database Social Media Scalability 40

All Things Distributed

JANUARY 18, 2012

DynamoDB is the result of 15 years of learning in the areas of large scale non-relational databases and cloud services. With Amazon DynamoDB, developers scaling cloud-based applications can start small with just the capacity they need and then increase the request capacity of a given table as their app grows in popularity.

Scalability 167

Scalability Database Ecommerce Latency 167

Smashing Magazine

JANUARY 11, 2021

On the other hand, we have hardware constraints on memory and CPU due to JavaScript parsing and execution times (we’ll talk about them in detail later). Gatsby (React), Next.js (React), Vuepress (Vue), Preact CLI , and PWA Starter Kit provide reasonable defaults for fast loading out of the box on average mobile hardware. ??Also,

Performance 145

Performance Cache Media Metrics 145