Architectural Insights: Designing Efficient Multi-Layered Caching With Instagram Example
DZone
FEBRUARY 27, 2024
Leveraging this hierarchical structure can significantly reduce latency and improve overall performance.
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DZone
FEBRUARY 27, 2024
Leveraging this hierarchical structure can significantly reduce latency and improve overall performance.
High Scalability
JANUARY 11, 2022
Design a photo-sharing platform similar to Instagram where users can upload their photos and share it with their followers. High Level Design. Architecture. Component Design. API Design. We have provided the API design of posting an image on Instagram below. API Design. Problem Statement. Data Models.
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The Netflix TechBlog
SEPTEMBER 29, 2022
Timestone: Netflix’s High-Throughput, Low-Latency Priority Queueing System with Built-in Support for Non-Parallelizable Workloads by Kostas Christidis Introduction Timestone is a high-throughput, low-latency priority queueing system we built in-house to support the needs of Cosmos , our media encoding platform. Over the past 2.5
The Netflix TechBlog
JANUARY 25, 2023
For example, we have a service that stores a movie entity’s metadata or a service that stores metadata about images. In Pic 1 below, we have an example of an application which is used by editors to review their work. We don’t allow incompatible changes, for example, users can not change the data type of a property.
The Netflix TechBlog
SEPTEMBER 3, 2021
Remote calls are never free; they impose extra latency, increase probability of an error, and consume network bandwidth. How can we achieve a similar functionality when designing our gRPC APIs? This can become an issue for some applications, for example, on mobile devices with limited network bandwidth.
The Netflix TechBlog
JANUARY 10, 2024
This architecture shift greatly reduced the processing latency and increased system resiliency. We expanded pipeline support to serve our studio/content-development use cases, which had different latency and resiliency requirements as compared to the traditional streaming use case.
IO River
NOVEMBER 2, 2023
What is CDN Architecture?CDN CDN architecture serves as a blueprint or plan that guides the distribution of CDN provider PoPs. The two fundamentals of a CDN architecture revolve around distribution and capacity. Here are a few examples.
Dynatrace
JANUARY 31, 2024
For example, a Stanford University and UC Berkeley team noted in a research study that ChatGPT behavior deteriorates over time. Using the example of a chatbot, once the user submits a natural language prompt, RAG summarizes that prompt using semantic data. Consequently, AI model drift and hallucinations emerge as primary concerns.
The Netflix TechBlog
NOVEMBER 17, 2022
For example, we invest in next-generation, royalty-free codecs and sophisticated video encoding optimizations. Video downscaling is the most pertinent example herein, which tailors our encoding to screen resolutions of different devices and optimizes picture quality under varying network conditions. A visual example is shown below.
The Netflix TechBlog
SEPTEMBER 24, 2021
As an example, cloud-based post-production editing and collaboration pipelines demand a complex set of functionalities, including the generation and hosting of high quality proxy content. The following table gives us an example of file sizes for 4K ProRes 422 HQ proxies.
The Netflix TechBlog
NOVEMBER 3, 2022
The original assumptions and architectural choices were no longer viable. Overview The figure below depicts a simplified high-level architecture of a single Titus cluster (a.k.a For example, it is OK to send writes through one instance, and do reads from another one with full data read consistency guarantees.
The Netflix TechBlog
MARCH 7, 2023
We designed a unique concept called Annotation Operations which allows teams to create data pipelines and easily write annotations without worrying about access patterns of their data from different applications. Goals Annotation Operations Lets pick an example use case of identifying objects (like trees, cars etc.) in a video file.
The Netflix TechBlog
FEBRUARY 18, 2022
Motivation With the rapid growth in Netflix member base and the increasing complexity of our systems, our architecture has evolved into an asynchronous one that enables both online and offline computation. For example, entirely relying on a Pull model wherein the device frequently calls home for updates would result in chatty mobile apps.
Dynatrace
SEPTEMBER 13, 2023
This is a set of best practices and guidelines that help you design and operate reliable, secure, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems in the cloud. For example, optimizing resource utilization for greater scale and lower cost and driving insights to increase adoption of cloud-native serverless services.
The Netflix TechBlog
MARCH 1, 2021
It supports both high throughput services that consume hundreds of thousands of CPUs at a time, and latency-sensitive workloads where humans are waiting for the results of a computation. For example, a video encoding service is built of components that are scale-agnostic: API, workflow, and functions.
The Netflix TechBlog
NOVEMBER 2, 2021
For example, when we design a new version of VMAF, we need to effectively roll it out throughout the entire Netflix catalog of movies and TV shows. This article explains how we designed microservices and workflows on top of the Cosmos platform to bolster such video quality innovations. via bug fixes). The workflow is initiated.
Scalegrid
FEBRUARY 8, 2024
Their design emphasizes increasing availability by spreading out files among different nodes or servers — this approach significantly reduces risks associated with losing or corrupting data due to node failure. Variations within these storage systems are called distributed file systems.
The Netflix TechBlog
SEPTEMBER 8, 2020
As an example, to render the screen shown here, the app sends a query that looks like this: paths: ["videos", 80154610, "detail"] A path starts from a root object , and is followed by a sequence of keys that we want to retrieve the data for. It was a Node.js The context around why the Node.js
Percona
APRIL 17, 2023
The swap issue is explained in the excellent article by Jeremy Cole at the Swap Insanity and NUMA Architecture. The CFQ works well for many general use cases but lacks latency guarantees. The deadline excels at latency-sensitive use cases ( like databases ), and noop is closer to no schedule at all.
IO River
NOVEMBER 2, 2023
They need to deliver impeccable performance without breaking the bank.According to recent industry statistics, global streaming has seen an uptick of 30% in the past year, underscoring the importance of efficient CDN architecture strategies. This is where a well-architected Content Delivery Network (CDN) shines.
IO River
NOVEMBER 2, 2023
They need to deliver impeccable performance without breaking the bank.According to recent industry statistics, global streaming has seen an uptick of 30% in the past year, underscoring the importance of efficient CDN architecture strategies. This is where a well-architected Content Delivery Network (CDN) shines.
The Netflix TechBlog
NOVEMBER 3, 2023
An example of a Data Mesh pipeline which moves and transforms data using Union, GraphQL Enrichment, and Column Rename Processor before writing to an Iceberg table. However, this design decision led to a different set of challenges. For example, filtering and projection can be expressed in SQL through SELECT and WHERE clauses.
The Netflix TechBlog
OCTOBER 27, 2020
At Netflix, we also heavily embrace a microservice architecture that emphasizes separation of concerns. For example, in order to enhance our user experience, one online application fetches subscribers’ preferences data to recommend movies and TV shows. Let’s look at an example of a Bulldozer YAML configuration (Figure 3).
The Netflix TechBlog
NOVEMBER 20, 2023
As our business scales globally, the demand for data is growing and the needs for scalable low latency incremental processing begin to emerge. For example, a job would reprocess aggregates for the past 3 days because it assumes that there would be late arriving data, but data prior to 3 days isn’t worth the cost of reprocessing.
The Netflix TechBlog
FEBRUARY 9, 2021
Plus, the architecture of the Edge tier was evolving to a PaaS (platform as a service) model, and we had some tough decisions to make about how, and where, to handle identity token handling. Multiple Protocols & Tokens The example above shows one flow, dealing with one protocol (HTTP/S) and one type of token (Cookies).
The Netflix TechBlog
MAY 5, 2021
In the future posts, we will do an architectural deep dive into the several components of Netflix Drive. Here is an example of globally distributed production where several artists and workflows work in conjunction to create and share assets for one or many projects.
The Netflix TechBlog
JUNE 4, 2019
Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. As an illustrative example, let’s consider a toy instance of 16 hyperthreads.
VoltDB
JULY 10, 2018
This goal has been attempted to be addressed from the beginning of time: think of Object Oriented Programming, Service Oriented Architecture, Enterprise Service Bus and now Microservices. Real-World Example Problem. In these use cases, data processing usually has less than a 5 milliseconds latency budget.
VoltDB
JULY 10, 2018
This goal has been attempted to be addressed from the beginning of time: think of Object Oriented Programming, Service Oriented Architecture, Enterprise Service Bus and now Microservices. Real-World Example Problem. In these use cases, data processing usually has less than a 5 milliseconds latency budget.
The Netflix TechBlog
APRIL 26, 2022
We will share how its design has evolved over the years and the lessons learned while building it. To understand Axion’s design, we need to know the various components that interact with it. Figure 1: Netflix ML Architecture Fact: A fact is data about our members or videos.
Dynatrace
DECEMBER 2, 2021
As organizations adopt microservices-based architecture , service-level objectives (SLOs) have become a vital way for teams to set specific, measurable targets that ensure users are receiving agreed-upon service levels. For example, if your SLO guarantees 99.5% For example, if your SLO is to deliver 99.5% Dynatrace news.
Dynatrace
APRIL 5, 2021
This is where Lambda comes in: Developers can deploy programs with no concern for the underlying hardware, connecting to services in the broader ecosystem, creating APIs, preparing data, or sending push notifications directly in the cloud, to list just a few examples. Some common examples include: A request through API Gateway or Amplify.
O'Reilly Software
DECEMBER 11, 2017
A message-based microservices architecture offers many advantages, making solutions easier to scale and expand with new services. The asynchronous nature of interservice interactions inherent to this architecture, however, poses challenges for user-initiated actions such as create-read-update-delete (CRUD) requests on an object.
The Netflix TechBlog
AUGUST 30, 2021
For example, when running tests, the state of the device will change from “available for testing” to “in test.” System Setup Architecture The following diagram summarizes the architecture description: Figure 1: Event-sourcing architecture of the Device Management Platform. million elements.
The Netflix TechBlog
FEBRUARY 9, 2021
In particular, it’s our job to design and build the systems and protocols that enable customers from all over the world to sign up for Netflix with the plan features and incentives that best suit their needs. Let’s take a deeper look at the architecture, protocols, and systems involved.
The Netflix TechBlog
FEBRUARY 9, 2021
Before designing a solution it’s important to understand the main product requirements for such a feature: The content needs to be new, relevant, and regional (not all countries have the same catalogue). To reduce latency, assets should be generated in an offline fashion and not in real time. We call these adaptive fields.
The Morning Paper
OCTOBER 26, 2020
Helios also serves as a reference architecture for how Microsoft envisions its next generation of distributed big-data processing systems being built. These two narratives of reference architecture and ingestion/indexing system are interwoven throughout the paper. Why do we need a new reference architecture? Emphasis mine ).
The Netflix TechBlog
JUNE 13, 2023
By collecting and analyzing key performance metrics of the service over time, we can assess the impact of the new changes and determine if they meet the availability, latency, and performance requirements. A/B testing is also a key technique in migrations where the updates to the architecture involve changing device contracts as well.
High Scalability
JULY 20, 2018
And if you know anyone looking for a simple book that uses lots of pictures and lots of examples to explain the cloud, then please recommend my new book: Explain the Cloud Like I'm 10. That’s mapping applications to the specific architectural choices. Do you like this sort of Stuff? Please lend me your support on Patreon.
The Netflix TechBlog
DECEMBER 21, 2020
This article will list some of the use cases of AutoOptimize, discuss the design principles that help enhance efficiency, and present the high-level architecture. For example, we allow a partition to have a few small files instead of always merging files in perfect sizes. Transparency to end-users.
The Morning Paper
NOVEMBER 10, 2019
It’s been clear for a while that software designed explicitly for the data center environment will increasingly want/need to make different design trade-offs to e.g. general-purpose systems software that you might install on your own machines. The desire for CPU efficiency and lower latencies is easy to understand.
Tim Kadlec
JULY 28, 2015
This first post looks at the general architecture of proxy browsers with a performance focus. I’d venture to say that most developers and designers are not big fans of proxy browsers—assuming they pay attention to them at all. Typical Browser Architecture. All of that came later. It must: Resolve the DNS. Remote browsers.
All Things Distributed
MARCH 26, 2018
A concept that has changed infrastructure architecture is now at the core of both AWS and customer reliability and operations. Even though the network design for each data center is massively redundant, interruptions can still occur. This design has a double benefit. One is that the latency within a zone is incredibly fast.
The Netflix TechBlog
MARCH 4, 2024
In some cases–for example, diagnosing and remediating job failures caused by Out-Of-Memory (OOM) errors–joint effort across teams is required, involving not only the users themselves, but also the support engineers and domain experts. The most notable example is memory configuration errors.
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