Brendan Gregg

NOVEMBER 29, 2017

Hardware virtualization for cloud computing has come a long way, improving performance using technologies such as VT-x, SR-IOV, VT-d, NVMe, and APICv. At Netflix, we've been using these technologies as they've been made available for instance types in the AWS EC2 cloud. I'd expect between 0.1% small (thanks @cperciva ). ## 3.

Virtualization 111

Virtualization AWS Hardware Storage 111

Brendan Gregg

NOVEMBER 28, 2017

Hardware virtualization for cloud computing has come a long way, improving performance using technologies such as VT-x, SR-IOV, VT-d, NVMe, and APICv. At Netflix, we've been using these technologies as they've been made available for instance types in the AWS EC2 cloud. I'd expect between 0.1% small (thanks @cperciva ). ## 3.

Virtualization 40

Virtualization AWS Hardware Storage 40

Brendan Gregg

JULY 4, 2021

AWS Graviton2); for memory with the arrival of DDR5 and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) on-processor; for storage including new uses for 3D Xpoint as a 3D NAND accelerator; for networking with the rise of QUIC and eXpress Data Path (XDP); and so on. I also wrote about these topics in detail for my recent [Systems Performance 2nd Edition] book.

Performance 140

Performance Latency Hardware Storage 140

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

As a Xen guest, this profile was gathered using perf(1) and the kernel's software cpu-clock soft interrupts, not the hardware NMI. Aftermath I provided details to AWS and Canonical, and then moved onto the other performance issues as part of the migration. Other EC2 instance types, such as C5 or M5, use the AWS Nitro Hypervisor.

Speed 126

Speed Java AWS Virtualization 126

Brendan Gregg

JULY 4, 2021

AWS Graviton2); for memory with the arrival of DDR5 and High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) on-processor; for storage including new uses for 3D Xpoint as a 3D NAND accelerator; for networking with the rise of QUIC and eXpress Data Path (XDP); and so on. I also wrote about these topics in detail for my recent [Systems Performance 2nd Edition] book.

Performance 52

Performance Latency Hardware Storage 52

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 5, 2017

Linux has been adding tracing technologies over the years: kprobes (kernel dynamic tracing), uprobes (user-level dynamic tracing), tracepoints (static tracing), and perf_events (profiling and hardware counters). There's a lot about Linux containers that isn't well documented yet, especially since it's a moving target.

Virtualization 76

Virtualization AWS Engineering Hardware 76

Brendan Gregg

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

As a Xen guest, this profile was gathered using perf(1) and the kernel's software cpu-clock soft interrupts, not the hardware NMI. Aftermath I provided details to AWS and Canonical, and then moved onto the other performance issues as part of the migration. Other EC2 instance types, such as C5 or M5, use the AWS Nitro Hypervisor.

Speed 40

Speed Java AWS Virtualization 40